Intelligence, Race, and Genetics by Frank Miele

Author:Frank Miele [FRANK MIELE]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Westview Press
Published: 2012-01-26T16:00:00+00:00

Miele: So that’s your evidence for biological reality? Given the associations with those older ideas of distinct, Platonic types that you dismissed earlier, can “race” really be used in any legitimate, scientific way?

Figure 4.1 Approximate Major Population Clusters (Races) based on: (A) Cavalli-Sforza's Analysis of Genetic Polymorphisms; and (B) Howells' Analysis of Cranial Measurements.

The horizontal axis in both A and B shows the approximate genetic distance between the population clusters—the longer the horizontal line, the greater the genetic distance between the two population clusters. This implies that they separated earlier in human evolutionary history than clustersthat have less genetic distance between them. (The vertical dimension is only used to provide spacebetween the cluster names. It does not represent genetic distance or anything else.) The analyses of genes (A) and skulls (B) identify more or less the same clusters or races. One major difference is in the distance between groups and, therefore, implied time of their separation. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms (A) shows the greatest distance is between the African cluster and the Australia–New Guinea cluster (D), while the analysis of cranial measurements(B) places them close together (d). This is probably because the cranial measurements were shaped by the similar selective pressure of hot climates, rather than evidence of a recent common ancestry.

SOURCES: (A) — L. L. Cavalli-Sforza and F. Cavalli-Sforza, The great human diasporas: The history of diversity and evolution (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,1995); (B) — Howells, W. W. getting here: The story of human evolution (Washington, DC: Compass Press, 1993)

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